Breast cancer, the second most frequent cancer in women, is treated with hormone treatment. Mammograms can detect breast cancer during its earliest stages. Use the links on this page to learn more about breast cancer prevention, screening, treatment, statistics, research, and clinical trials, among other topics.
Breast cancer is a disorder in which cancer cells proliferate in breast tissue.
Lobes and ducts constitute the breast
Each lobe has a variety of lobules. At the apex of every lobule lies a cluster of milk-producing bulbs. ducts, which are narrow tubes, connect the lobes, lobules, and bulbs.
There are blood and lymph vessels in each breast. Lymph is an almost colourless, transparent fluid that circulates through blood arteries. Lymph veins transport lymph between lymph nodes.
There are bean-shaped lymph nodes all around the body. They cleanse the lymph and store white blood cells, aiding the body’s defence against disease and infection. Under your arm, above your collarbone, and around your breasts in your chest are lymph nodes.
The most prevalent kind of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, which begins in ductal cells. Lobular carcinoma is a form of breast cancer. This type of breast cancer begins in the lobes or lobules and is more likely to be diagnosed in both breasts than in other varieties. Breasts affected by inflammatory breast cancer are red, swollen, and hot to the touch.
Gene mutations inherited from one’s parents can cause breast cancer
The genetic information inherited from parents is carried by genes. 5 to 10% of breast cancer cases are attributed to family history. Some ethnic groups are more prone to breast cancer-related genetic issues than others.
Women with specific gene mutations, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, have an increased risk of developing breast cancer. These women are at increased risk for ovarian cancer and may possibly be at increased risk for other malignancies. Men with a gene associated with breast cancer are more likely to develop the disease. The Male Breast Cancer Treatment page contains additional information.
Several gene mutation detection methods are available. These genetic testing are sometimes performed on cancer-prone family members. On the Genetics of Breast and Gynecologic Cancers page, additional information is available.
Consult a doctor if you observe breast changes. Here are some examples of applicable tests and procedures:
Examen physical etexamen des dossiers médicaux: Examining the body for general indicators of illness, such as tumours and anything else that seems abnormal. A history of the patient’s ailments and treatments, as well as details about their health maintenance.
Clinical breast exam, or CBE: A breast exam is performed by a physician or another educated medical professional. The physician will examine the breasts and underarms for lumps and other abnormalities.
Attempts to prevent cancer
Being diagnosed with breast cancer Prevention is any measure performed to reduce a person’s risk of developing cancer. Cancer prevention reduces the incidence of cancer in a community or group. This could result in fewer cancer cases and deaths.
Cancer is a grouping of diseases. Cancer risk is determined by our genes, lifestyle, and geographic location. The cancer risk of each individual is determined by how these factors interact.
Cancer risk factors are items that increase the likelihood that an individual will get cancer, whereas cancer protective factors are things that reduce this likelihood.
Few cancer-causing factors are avoidable, but the great majority cannot be prevented. For instance, smoking and inheriting specific genes from one’s parents are both cancer risk factors, but only smoking can be eliminated. Regular exercise and a healthy diet may reduce the risk of developing some cancers. If you avoid risk factors and adopt more preventative measures, your likelihood of developing cancer decreases, but does not disappear.
Changes in lifestyle or dietary habits, as well as avoiding recognised carcinogens, are among the various methods of cancer prevention being studied by scientists.
- Taking medications to cure or prevent cancer or conditions that can cause cancer.
- Breast cancer treatment that is detected early, is localised or involves surgical
- Refer to the Overview of Treatment Options section for additional information on the discussed treatments.
Options for treating breast cancer that is detected early is tiny, or may be surgically removed include:
Surgery
Breast-saving surgery using a sentinel lymph node biopsy. If lymph nodes include malignancy, a lymph node dissection is performed.
Breast reconstruction surgery is available.
After surgery, the patient is treated with radiation
Women who have had breast cancer should undergo breast-conserving surgery to reduce the likelihood of recurrence. receive care for the entire breast Regional lymph nodes can be treated using radiation therapy.
Radiation therapy is utilised to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence in women who have undergone a modified radical mastectomy if any of the following conditions are met:
- Cancer was discovered in at least four lymph nodes;
- the cancer had spread to the tissue around the lymph nodes;
- the growth was enormous.
Along the borders of the previously resected initial tumour, a second tumour has grown.
Replacement therapy for hormones
Hormone therapy is a method of breast cancer treatment. It inhibits the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting or decreasing the activity of hormones. Hormones are substances produced by glands that circulate in the bloodstream.
Some hormones can accelerate the growth of some tumours. If tests reveal that cancer cells contain attachment sites for hormones (called “receptors”), medications, surgery, or radiation therapy may be utilised to prevent hormones from being produced or from performing their functions.
The majority of the hormone oestrogen is produced by the ovaries. Some breast tumours are oestrogen-induced. Ablation is a surgical procedure that prevents the ovaries from releasing the hormone oestrogen.
Some postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer are treated with aromatase inhibitors and hormones. By preventing aromatase from converting testosterone to oestrogen, Breast Cancer Pills reduce the body’s oestrogen levels. Aromatase is inhibited by Arimidex 1 mg.